{"id":5139,"date":"2022-07-15T13:46:46","date_gmt":"2022-07-15T05:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=5139"},"modified":"2022-07-19T10:33:26","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T02:33:26","slug":"%e6%b3%95%e5%ad%b8%e5%b0%88%e5%ae%b6%e6%80%8e%e9%ba%bc%e7%9c%8b%e5%81%a5%e4%bf%9d%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99%e5%ba%ab%e6%86%b2%e6%b3%95%e8%a8%b4%e8%a8%9f%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=5139","title":{"rendered":"\u6cd5\u5b78\u5c08\u5bb6\u600e\u9ebc\u770b\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2848\" src=\"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_User_4200482-300x300.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 20px) 100vw, 20px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_User_4200482-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_User_4200482-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_User_4200482-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_User_4200482-280x280.png 280w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_User_4200482.png 512w\" alt=\"\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\">&nbsp;\u5831\u5c0e\uff1a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3<br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2850\" src=\"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_calendar-month-day-booking-date_3209363-300x300.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 20px) 100vw, 20px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_calendar-month-day-booking-date_3209363-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_calendar-month-day-booking-date_3209363-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_calendar-month-day-booking-date_3209363-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_calendar-month-day-booking-date_3209363-280x280.png 280w, https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/iconfinder_calendar-month-day-booking-date_3209363.png 512w\" alt=\"\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"> 2022\u5e747\u670815\u65e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.entry-content h3 { font-weight: bold; }<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5065\u4fdd\u500b\u8cc7\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u4fdd\u7684\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u5230\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c31\u91ab\u6642\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u8a3a\u7d00\u9304\u3002\u6bcf\u7b46\u5065\u4fdd\u500b\u8cc7\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u6c11\u773e\u5c31\u91ab\u6642\u91ab\u5e2b\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u8a3a\u65b7\u3001\u958b\u7acb\u7684\u8655\u65b9\u3001\u75c5\u60a3\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u6216\u9032\u884c\u7684\u624b\u8853\u7b49\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\u6216\u91ab\u7642\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u660e\u7d30\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5065\u4fdd\u7f72\u81ea 1998 \u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u544a\u77e5\u500b\u8cc7\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\uff08\u4e5f\u672a\u5f97\u5176\u540c\u610f\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u6240\u8490\u96c6\u4e4b\u5065\u4fdd\u500b\u8cc7\uff0c\u5728\u7dad\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u300c\u53ef\u4e32\u9023\u6027\u300d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ee\u7684\u5916\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u3002\u516b\u4f4d\u6c11\u773e\u65bc 2012 \u5e74 5\u30016 \u6708\u9593\uff0c\u4e3b\u52d5\u8acb\u6c42\u5065\u4fdd\u7f72\uff08\u7576\u6642\u4ecd\u70ba\u5065\u4fdd\u5c40\uff09\u505c\u6b62\u5c0d\u5176\u5065\u4fdd\u500b\u8cc7\u505a\u4fdd\u96aa\u76ee\u7684\u4ee5\u5916\u4e4b\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u537b\u906d\u5065\u4fdd\u7f72\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u5c55\u958b\u4e86\u6b77\u6642\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u722d\u8a1f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u66fe\u65bc 2017 \u5e74 6 \u6708 23 \u65e5\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u6700\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u9662\u99c1\u56de\u672c\u6848\u516b\u540d\u539f\u544a\u884c\u653f\u8a34\u8a1f\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u5224\u6c7a\uff0c\u8209\u8fa6\u300c\u6700\u9ad8\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u9662 106 \u5e74\u5ea6\u5224\u5b57\u7b2c 54 \u865f\u5224\u6c7a\uff08\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6848\uff09\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6848\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u9069\u7528\u554f\u984c\u8209\u8fa6\u5c08\u5bb6\u5ea7\u8ac7\uff0c\u76e4\u9ede\u7576\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e4b\u61b2\u6cd5\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6848\u5f8c\u7d93\u516b\u540d\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u8072\u8acb\u61b2\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\uff08\u6703\u53f0\u5b57\u7b2c 13769 \u865f\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc 2022 \u5e74 4 \u6708 26 \u65e5\u4f9d\u64da\u65b0\u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u8a00\u8a5e\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u9451\u65bc\u672c\u6848\u6d89\u53ca\u4e4b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u95dc\u4fc2\u8457\u53f0\u7063\u5728\u5de8\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u4ee3\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u69cb\u826f\u5584\u8cc7\u6599\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u7f6e\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u672c\u6240\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u90b1\u6587\u8070\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u65bc\u8a72\u6848\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\u4e4b\u8a00\u8a5e\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u8005\u8eab\u5206\u64d4\u4efb\u8072\u8acb\u4eba\u4e00\u65b9\u4e4b\u8a34\u8a1f\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u529b\u4e3b\u73fe\u884c\u6cd5\u76f8\u95dc\u689d\u6587\u6709\u9055\u61b2\u4e4b\u5acc\uff1b\u800c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u5433\u5168\u5cf0\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u4ea6\u53d7\u9080\u65bc\u8a00\u8a5e\u8faf\u8ad6\u524d\u4e4b\u8aaa\u660e\u6703\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c08\u5bb6\u610f\u898b\u4e4b\u5b78\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70ba\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u91d0\u6e05\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6848\u6d89\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u61b2\u6cd5\u722d\u8b70\u4e4b\u5168\u8c8c\uff0c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65bc\u65e5\u524d\uff087\/11\uff09\u53ec\u958b\u7dda\u4e0a\u5ea7\u8ac7\uff0c\u7531\u672c\u6240\u674e\u5efa\u826f\u7279\u8058\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u517c\u6240\u9577\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u9080\u96c6\u516d\u4f4d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u754c\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u66fe\u64d4\u4efb\u91cb\u5b57 603 \u865f\u89e3\u91cb\u6848\u9451\u5b9a\u4eba\u7684\u81fa\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u9662\u984f\u53a5\u5b89\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\u3001\u81fa\u5927\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u9662\u8607\u6167\u5a55\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6de1\u6c5f\u5927\u5b78\u516c\u884c\u7cfb\u5433\u745b\u73e0\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4e16\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u9662\u79d1\u50b3\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u7fc1\u9038\u6cd3\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3001\u672c\u6240\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u9673\u821c\u4f36\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u53ca\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u674e\u9577\u66c4\u535a\u58eb\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u5f9e\u6bd4\u8f03\u6cd5\u8207\u6211\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u89c0\u9ede\u51fa\u767c\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u672c\u6240\u524d\u6240\u9577\u6797\u5b50\u5100\u517c\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u53c3\u8207\u7d9c\u5408\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91cb\u61b2\u8005\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u5f15\u9818\u89d2\u8272<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5ea7\u8ac7\u6703\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u984f\u53a5\u5b89\u6559\u6388\u4ee5 1857 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u80af\u8a8d\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u5ea6\u7684 <em>Dred Scott<\/em> \u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd1\u65e5\u5426\u5b9a\u5a66\u5973\u58ae\u80ce\u6b0a\u4e26\u63a8\u7ffb <em>Roe v. Wade<\/em> \u7684 <em>Dobbs<\/em> \u6848\u70ba\u5f15\u5b50\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5f71\u97ff\u793e\u6703\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u722d\u8b70\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u53f8\u6cd5\u9055\u61b2\u5be9\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u300c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u72f9\u7fa9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8b49\u6216\u6cd5\u91cb\u7fa9\u5b78\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u652f\u6301\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8b49\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u300d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u500b\u8cc7\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u300c\u628a\u4eba\u7576\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u628a\u4eba\u7576\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u300d\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c07\u539f\u672c\u56e0\u91ab\u7642\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u8207\u5065\u4fdd\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u500b\u8cc7\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u570b\u5bb6\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u904b\u7528\u7684\u300c\u8ca1\u7522\u300d\u3002\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u5c01\u5efa\u8fb2\u5974\u9ad4\u5236 (Serfdom, Leibeigenschaft) \u66fe\u8a8d\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff1b\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u500b\u8cc7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u9032\u5165\u985e\u4f3c\u300c\u500b\u8cc7\u8fb2\u5974\u5236\u300d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>\u300c\u628a\u4eba\u7576\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u628a\u4eba\u7576\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u300d<\/p><cite>\uff08\u984f\u53a5\u5b89\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u500b\u8cc7\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u524d\u63d0\uff09<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u8207\u660e\u78ba\u6027\u554f\u984c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5f37\u8abf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u524d\u63d0\u5916\uff0c\u984f\u53a5\u5b89\u91dd\u5c0d\u5065\u4fdd\u500b\u8cc7\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8ad6\u8b49\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u5230\u524d\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5b78\u9662\u6559\u6388 Badura, Peter (1934-2022) \u5728\u4ed61984\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u9818\u57df\u5167\u7acb\u6cd5\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u91dd\u5c0d\u6240\u6b32\u898f\u7bc4\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5be6\u8cea\u91cd\u5927\u898f\u7bc4\u57fa\u790e (die wesentlichen normativen Grundlagen)\uff0c\u81ea\u884c\u5c07\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u820a\u958b\u653e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9818\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u754c\u9650\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u4efb\u7531\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u88c1\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea4\u7d66\u53f8\u6cd5\u8005\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u6388\u6b0a\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u300c\u660e\u78ba\u5316\u300d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u884c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u95dc\u689d\u6587\u96d6\u7136\u898f\u5b9a\u4e86\u76ee\u7684\u6027\uff08\u70ba\u2026\uff09\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff08\u2026\u800c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff09\u8207\u53bb\u8b58\u5225\u6027\uff08\u4f9d\u5176\u63ed\u9732\u65b9\u5f0f\u2026\uff09\u7b49\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u552f\u7368\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u7b97\u6eff\u8db3\u300d\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u53ca\u53bb\u8b58\u5225\u6027\u7684\u5be9\u67e5\u57fa\u6e96\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u662f\u6eff\u8db3\u6b64\u7b49\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u300c\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5c6c\u65bc\u300c\u5be6\u8cea\u91cd\u5927\u898f\u7bc4\u57fa\u790e\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u300c\u6709\u61b2\u6cd5\u7fa9\u52d9\u300d\u5fc5\u9808\u52a0\u4ee5\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u672c\u6848\u7684\u300c\u53bb\u8b58\u5225\u6027\u6a19\u6e96\u300d\u6d89\u53ca\u5c08\u696d\u6280\u8853\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u984f\u53a5\u5b89\u6559\u6388\u4ecd\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u5c0d\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u300c\u6388\u6b0a\u300d(Erm\u00e4chtigung) \u4f9d\u820a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b8a\u6210\u662f\u300c\u4efb\u7531\u300d(\u00fcberlassen) \u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u81ea\u884c\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff1b\u6bcb\u5be7\uff0c\u884c\u653f\u6a5f\u95dc\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u524d\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u300d\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u5404\u7a2e\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u8b93\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u53ef\u7d9c\u5408\u8003\u91cf\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u898f\u5b9a\u300c\u6eff\u8db3\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f9d\u64da\u984f\u53a5\u5b89\u63f4\u5f15 Badura 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IRB \u4ee5\u53ca\u9650\u5236\u8cc7\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u9ede\u7b49\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u8cc7\u6599\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u96b1\u79c1\u98a8\u96aa\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u8072\u8acb\u4eba\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5047\u540d\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u500b\u5225\u8cc7\u6599 micro data\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ecd\u5141\u8a31\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u4e32\u9023\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e32\u9023\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u69cb\u6210\u300c\u4eba\u683c\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u8207\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u6709\u7121\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u518d\u8b58\u5225\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u74b0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u7684\u5167\u63a7\u6a5f\u5236\u548c\u8cc7\u5b89\u9632\u8b77\u63aa\u65bd\u53ea\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6392\u9664\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u56e0\u500b\u4eba\u5716\u50cf\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f9e\u800c\uff0c\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u722d\u9ede\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u885b\u798f\u90e8\u8207\u5065\u4fdd\u7f72\u4e3b\u5f35\u5047\u540d\u5316\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u52a0\u4e0a\u5404\u7a2e\u8cc7\u5b89\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5df2\u5c07\u518d\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u964d\u81f3\u5408\u7406\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u8072\u8acb\u4eba\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ef\u4e32\u9023\u7684\u5047\u540d\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u85c9\u7531\u8cc7\u6599\u9593\u7684\u4e32\u9023\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u8b58\u5225\uff0c\u8207\u8a72\u7b49\u8cc7\u6599\u662f\u5426\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5916\u6d29\u7121\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9673\u821c\u4f36\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u5be6\u722d\u9ede\u60dc\u672a\u5728\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u8a00\u8a5e\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u91d0\u6e05\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u8207\u8a00\u8a5e\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c0d\u7b49\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u6642\u9593\u5206\u914d\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u300c\u96d6\u7136\u8a00\u8a5e\u8faf\u8ad6\u9577\u9054\u4e09\u500b\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u8072\u8acb\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u610f\u898b\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9060\u5c11\u65bc\u4e09\u500b\u6a5f\u95dc\u300d\u3001\u300c\u958b\u59cb\u9673\u8ff0\u610f\u898b\u8072\u8acb\u4eba\u53ea\u6709 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5fb7\u570b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6cd5\u7684\u4ed6\u5c71\u4e4b\u77f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8207\u8ac7\u4eba\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6de1\u6c5f\u5927\u5b78\u5433\u745b\u73e0\u6559\u6388\u8207\u672c\u6240\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u674e\u9577\u66c4\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5747\u63d0\u53ca\u5fb7\u570b\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5433\u745b\u73e0\u4ee5\u5fb7\u570b\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\u7b2c 27 \u689d\u95dc\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u898f\u5b9a\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\u7b2c 27 \u689d\u7b2c 1 \u9805\u96d6\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u70ba\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u63a1\u53d6\u9069\u7576\u4fdd\u8b77\u63aa\u65bd\u5f8c\uff0c\u5373\u5141\u8a31\u4e0d\u7d93\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u800c\u8490\u96c6\u8655\u7406\u6216\u5229\u7528\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u78ba\u5be6\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u4eba\u4ee5\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u70ba\u4e86\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0d\u7d93\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u5c31\u4ee5\u300c\u5047\u540d\u5316\u300d\u65b9\u5f0f\u5229\u7528\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5433\u745b\u73e0\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u8aa4\u89e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u901a\u76e4\u7406\u89e3\u5fb7\u570b\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u6b50\u76df\u4e00\u822c\u500b\u8cc7\u4fdd\u8b77\u898f\u5247\uff08\u5fb7\u6587\u7a31 DSGVO\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7a31 GDPR\uff09\u91dd\u5c0d\u300c\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u300d\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5747\u63a1\u96d9\u91cd\u8981\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u539f\u5247\u7981\u6b62\u4f8b\u5916\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u7684\u8490\u96c6\u8655\u7406\u5229\u7528\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u5099 GDPR \u7b2c 6 \u689d\u7b2c 1 \u9805\u7684\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u5fc5\u9808\u6eff\u8db3 GDPR \u7b2c 9 \u689d\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u300c\u5141\u8a31\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\u7b2c 27 \u689d\u4f5c\u70ba GDPR \u7b2c 9 \u689d\u7b2c 2 \u9805 j \u6b3e\u958b\u653e\u6703\u54e1\u570b\u898f\u5b9a\u300c\u5141\u8a31\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u662f\u300c\u5bb9\u8a31\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u672a\u5c07\u300c\u5047\u540d\u5316\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u80fd\u8aa4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u53ea\u8981\u70ba\u4e86\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e00\u7d93\u5047\u540d\u5316\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4e0d\u7d93\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u800c\u9015\u884c\u8490\u96c6\u8655\u7406\u5229\u7528\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u300c\u5047\u540d\u5316\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u96d6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u5bb9\u8a31\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\uff0c\u4ecd\u5fc5\u9808\u56de\u5230 GDPR \u7b2c 6 \u689d\u7b2c 1 \u9805\u627e\u5c0b\u9069\u7576\u7684\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u57fa\u790e\u300d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u516c\u52d9\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6b0a\u5f37\u5236\u70ba\u4e4b\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u5168\u9762\u68c4\u5b88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5433\u745b\u73e0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728 Covid-19 \u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8490\u96c6\u5047\u540d\u5316\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u65bd\u6253\u5f8c\u5065\u5eb7\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u5c6c\u65bc\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ecd\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u70ba\u5408\u6cd5\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u300c\u5047\u540d\u5316\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\u4e2d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8490\u96c6\u8655\u7406\u5229\u7528\u7279\u7a2e\u500b\u8cc7\u7684\u300c\u5141\u8a31\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u674e\u9577\u66c4\u535a\u58eb\u5247\u4ee5\u5fb7\u570b 2019 \u5e74\u901a\u904e\u7684\u300c\u6578\u4f4d\u5065\u5eb7\u7167\u8b77\u6cd5\u300d\uff08\u793e\u6703\u6cd5\u5178\u7b2c\u4e94\u7de8\u7684\u7b2c 303a \u689d\uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u5f37\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u516c\u7acb\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u8a72\u5177\u5099\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u8a72\u6cd5\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5fb7\u570b\u516c\u7acb\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\u7684\u4e03\u5343\u4e09\u767e\u842c\u540d\u88ab\u4fdd\u96aa\u4eba\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6a5f\u69cb\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u5047\u540d\u5316\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u300c\u6c38\u4e45\u5047\u540d\u5316\u300d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f8c\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5747\u9700\u4e0a\u50b3\u81f3\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u7528\u3002\u4f9d\u64da\u898f\u5b9a\u300c\u8cc7\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300d\u5c0d\u5916\u91cb\u51fa\u6642\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u61c9\u4ee5\u300c\u805a\u5408\u8cc7\u6599\u300d(aggregierte Daten) \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u70ba\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5916\u59cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u5047\u540d\u5316\u4e4b\u500b\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u300d (pseudonymisierte Einzeldatens\u00e4tze)\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e00\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u5fb7\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7f\u91ab\u7642\u7814\u7a76\u78ba\u5be6\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u516c\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u73fe\u884c\u6cd5\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u5047\u540d\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u5404\u88ab\u4fdd\u96aa\u4eba\u514d\u65bc\u300c\u518d\u8b58\u5225\u5316\u300d\u4e4b\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728 2022 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0c\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0b\u547d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u516c\u7acb\u4fdd\u96aa\u516c\u53f8\u5c07\u76f8\u95dc\u8cc7\u6599\u4e0a\u50b3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5404\u88ab\u4fdd\u96aa\u4eba\u4e4b\u500b\u8cc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5fb7\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u5728\u5916\u89c0\u4e0a\u8207\u672c\u4ef6\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a34\u8a1f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u6975\u70ba\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u674e\u9577\u66c4\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u5c07\u516c\u7acb\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u96aa\u500b\u8cc7\u5f37\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b78\u8853\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4fc2\u7279\u5225\u7acb\u6cd5\u70ba\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u7559\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e0a\u986f\u7136\u8f03\u76ee\u524d\u53f0\u7063\u70ba\u9ad8\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u7cfb\u722d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u96d6\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u6c38\u4e45\u5047\u540d\u5316\u300d\u4e4b\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u63d0\u4f9b\u300c\u500b\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u300d\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u64da\u5b78\u8005\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u8a72\u6cd5\u70ba\u7b26\u5408 GDPR \u6240\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u300c\u533f\u540d\u5316\u300d\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e4b\u500b\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u7121\u4e32\u9023\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08vgl. K\u00fchling\/Schildbach, NZS 2020, 41 (43 ff.); Martini\/Hohmann, NJW 2020, 3573 (3574)\uff09\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\u53f0\u7063\u5065\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5247\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u53ef\u4e32\u9023\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u5141\u8a31\u6240\u5f97\u9054\u4e00\u5b9a\u9580\u6abb\u8005\u9078\u64c7\u52a0\u5165\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u96aa\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u8a72\u6cd5\u5f37\u5236\u516c\u7acb\u4fdd\u96aa\u8cc7\u6599\u61c9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b78\u8853\u5229\u7528\u4e4b\u898f\u7bc4\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u4fdd\u5247\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f37\u5236\u76ee\u7684\u5916\u5229\u7528\u5065\u4fdd\u500b\u8cc7\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5168\u6c11\u5f37\u5236\u7d0d\u4fdd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u6b0a\u5be6\u8e10<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e16\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u9662\u79d1\u50b3\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u7fc1\u9038\u6cd3\u6559\u6388\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u82f1\u570b\u6cd5\u5236\u5141\u8a31\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u9000\u51fa\u5168\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u6cd5\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u5ea7\u6a19\u3002\u7fc1\u9038\u6cd3\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u9000\u51fa\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u6cbb\u7406\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u9000\u51fa\u6b0a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e26\u4e0d\u82e5\u90e8\u5206\u8ad6\u8005\u6240\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u90a3\u822c\u56b4\u91cd\u30022021 \u5e74 7 \u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u66fe\u56e0\u722d\u8b70\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f7f\u9000\u51fa NHS \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7a81\u7136\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u8fd1 5%\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u5c0d\u5be6\u969b\u91ab\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\uff08Francis McKay et al., The ethical challenges of artificial intelligence-driven digital pathology, The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research, May 2022; 8: 209\u2013216\uff09\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e36\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u793e\u6703\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u597d\u8655\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u5728\u812b\u6b50\u5f8c\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u500b\u8cc7\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u5c0e\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u537b\u5f9e\u672a\u6539\u8b8a\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4f86\u4ee5\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u601d\u7dad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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