{"id":4705,"date":"2021-04-28T18:00:15","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T10:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=4705"},"modified":"2021-07-19T19:29:54","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T11:29:54","slug":"%e6%af%94ccpa%e6%9b%b4%e5%83%8fgdpr%e7%9a%84ccpa2-0%ef%bc%9athe-california-privacy-rights-act-of-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infolaw.iias.sinica.edu.tw\/?p=4705","title":{"rendered":"\u6bd4CCPA\u66f4\u50cfGDPR\u7684CCPA2.0\uff1aThe California Privacy Rights Act of 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\" \u9867\u9577\u82b8<\/a>
\"\" 2021\u5e7404\u670828\u65e5<\/p>\n\n\n

\u524d\u8a00: CPRA\uff08The California Privacy Rights Act of 2020\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u96b1\u79c1\u6b0a\u6cd5\uff09\u516c\u6295\u63d0\u6848\u4ebaAlastair McTaggart\u65bc2018\u5e743\u6708\u53d6\u5f97\u901a\u904e\u516c\u6295\u9580\u6abb\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u8acb\u9858\u66f8\uff0c\u6b32\u5c07CCPA\uff08California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u96b1\u79c1\u6cd5\uff09\u63d0\u6848\u516c\u6295\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u96b1\u79c1\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u52a0\u5dde\u516c\u6295\u901a\u904e\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4fee\u6cd5\u9580\u6abb\u6975\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52a0\u5dde\u53c3\u773e\u5169\u9662\u8207McTaggart\u5354\u5546\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u901a\u904eCCPA\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc\u540c\u5e746\u6708\u7531\u5dde\u9577\u7c3d\u7f72\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u65bcCCPA\u901a\u904e\u5f8c\uff0c\u6b32\u4fee\u6539CCPA\u7684\u8349\u6848\u6975\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u9650\u7e2eCCPA\u4e2d\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u8349\u6848\uff0c\u70ba\u907f\u514dCCPA\u672a\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMcTaggart\u65bc2019\u5e74\u5e95\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u51faCCPA2.0\uff0c\u5373\u672c\u7bc7\u65b0\u805e\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff1aCPRA\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u65bc2020\u5e7411\u67083\u65e5\u4ee5\u8d85\u904e9\u767e\u842c\u540c\u610f\u7968\uff0856.23%\u6bd443.77%\uff09\u7684\u6295\u7968\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u7b2c24\u865f\u516c\u6295\u6848\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6cd5\u8207\u6a5f\u69cb\u63d0\u6848\u300d\uff08California\nProposition 24, Consumer Personal Information Law and Agency Initiative\uff082020\uff09\uff0c\u4f7fCPRA\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u6cd5\u3002CPRA\u4e3b\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u65bcCCPA\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u53c3\u8003GDPR\uff08General Data\nProtection Regulation\uff0c\u6b50\u76df\u4e00\u822c\u8cc7\u6599\u4fdd\u8b77\u898f\u7bc4\uff09\u5167\u5bb9\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\uff1bCPRA\u9664\u64f4\u5f35\u539fCCPA\u4e0b\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08personal information\uff09\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cCPRA\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u8655\u7406\u73fe\u4eca\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u5176\u500b\u8cc7\u6b0a\u5229\u65bd\u884c\u4e0a\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CCPA\u8ce6\u4e88\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5177\u7279\u8272\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u5728\u65bc\u8ce6\u4e88\u500b\u4eba\u9000\u51fa\u6b0a\uff08right to opt-out\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u53ef\u8981\u6c42\u4f01\u696d\u4e0d\u5f97\u8ca9\u8ce3\uff08sell\uff09\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7d66\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\uff08third parties\uff09\uff08CCPA, Civil Code \u00a71798.120(a)\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u5728CPRA\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u4e0b\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u9664\u53ef\u8981\u6c42\u4f01\u696d\u4e0d\u5f97\u8ca9\u8ce3\u500b\u8cc7\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u53ef\u8981\u6c42\u4f01\u696d\u4e0d\u5f97\u8207\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5206\u4eab\uff08sharing\uff09\u500b\u8cc7\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u300c\u8ca9\u8ce3\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u91d1\u9322\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u50f9\u503c\u8003\u91cf\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5728\u53c3\u8003GDPR\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0b\uff0cCPRA\u52a0\u5165\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u53ef\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u6b63\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.106\uff09\uff1b\u4e26\u52a0\u5165\u4f01\u696d\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6c7a\u7b56\uff08automated decision-making\uff09\u8207\u5256\u7e6a\uff08profiling\uff09\u4e4b\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e14\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8ce6\u4e88\u500b\u4eba\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.185(16)\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9664\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u9000\u51fa\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\uff0cCPRA\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u5c0d\u300c\u540c\u610f\u300d\uff08consent\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.140(h)\uff09\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u91d0\u6e05CPRA\u898f\u7bc4\u4e0b\u771f\u6b63\u53d6\u5f97\u500b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5f9e\u6b63\u9762\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u610f\u70ba\u7531\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7d66\u4e88\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u3001\u544a\u77e5\u4e14\u6e05\u695a\u8868\u660e\u500b\u4eba\u8a31\u53ef\u500b\u8cc7\u70ba\u4e86\u72f9\u7fa9\u4e4b\u7279\u6b8a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8655\u7406\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff1bCPRA\u66f4\u589e\u52a0\u5c0d\u53d6\u5f97\u540c\u610f\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u6216\u6975\u5ee3\u4e4b\u4f7f\u7528\u689d\u6b3e\u6216\u76f8\u4f3c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u540c\u610f\uff1b\u800c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5c07\u6e38\u6a19\u6ed1\u904e\uff08hovering over\uff09\u3001\u975c\u97f3\uff08muting\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u6b62\uff08pausing\uff09\u6216\u95dc\u9589\uff08closing\uff09\u67d0\u500b\u5f48\u51fa\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u7247\u6bb5\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u540c\u610f\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u6697\u9ed1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08dark pattern\uff09\u53d6\u5f97\u4e4b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762\u56e0\u8a2d\u8a08\u6216\u64cd\u5f04\uff08manipulated\uff09\u9020\u6210\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u6c7a\u7b56\u6216\u9078\u64c7\u800c\u6709\u7834\u58de\uff08subverting\uff09\u6216\u640d\u5bb3\uff08impairing\uff09\u4e4b\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CPRA\u4e26\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e0b\u589e\u52a0\u654f\u611f\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08sensitive\npersonal information\uff09\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u500b\u4eba\u9650\u5236\u4f01\u696d\u5229\u7528\u8207\u63ed\u9732\u654f\u611f\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u6b0a\u5229\uff08right to limit use and disclosure of sensitive personal data\uff09\u3002\u5176\u654f\u611f\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u865f\u78bc\u3001\u8b77\u7167\u865f\u78bc\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u5305\u62ec\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u767b\u5165\u5e33\u6236\u9023\u540c\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u5b58\u53d6\u78bc\u3001\u5bc6\u78bc\u6216\u6191\u64da\uff1b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08geolocation\uff09\uff1b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u4fe1\u4ef6\u6216\u6587\u5b57\u7c21\u8a0a\uff08text messages\uff09\u5167\u5bb9\uff1b\u70ba\u7368\u7279\u8b58\u5225\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u800c\u8655\u7406\u4e4b\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff08biometric information\uff09\uff1b\u70ba\u4e86\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u6216\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u6216\u6027\u50be\u5411\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u8490\u96c6\u8207\u5206\u6790\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.140(ae)\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u4f01\u696d\u5229\u7528\u524d\u8ff0\u654f\u611f\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a8\u8ad6\uff08infer\uff09\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5247\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u5411\u4f01\u696d\u8981\u6c42\u9650\u5236\u654f\u611f\u500b\u8cc7\u4e4b\u5229\u7528\u8207\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u5373\u4f01\u696d\u50c5\u53ef\u70ba\u5176\u4f01\u696d\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u70ba\u4e86\u78ba\u4fdd\u500b\u8cc7\u5229\u7528\u4e4b\u5b89\u5168\u8207\u5b8c\u6574\uff08integrity\uff09\u800c\u5408\u7406\u5fc5\u9808\u4e14\u5408\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e4b\u5229\u7528\uff1b\u5728\u672a\u63ed\u9732\u500b\u4eba\u8eab\u5206\u3001\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u500b\u4eba\u5256\u7e6a\u8cc7\u6599\u4e4b\u77ed\u671f\u6216\u77ed\u66ab\u5229\u7528\uff1b\u4ee3\u8868\u4f01\u696d\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52d9\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u9a57\u8b49\u3001\u7dad\u8b77\u6216\u63d0\u5347\u5176\u4f01\u696d\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u8a2d\u5099\u4e4b\u54c1\u8cea\u6216\u5b89\u5168\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.121\uff09\u7b49\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u654f\u611f\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a55\u8ad6\u6307\u51fa\uff0cCPRA\u7684\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u8cac\u57f7\u884c\u96b1\u79c1\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u6a5f\u69cbCPPA\uff08California Privacy Protection Agency\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u96b1\u79c1\u4fdd\u8b77\u6a5f\u69cb\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u70baCPRA\u8a02\u7acb\u65bd\u884c\u898f\u7bc4\uff08Regulation\uff09\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u7533\u8a34\u8207\u8abf\u67e5\u4e4b\u5dde\u7d1a\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u8ca0\u64d4\u90e8\u5206\u539fCCPA\u4e0b\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u6aa2\u5bdf\u9577\uff08Attorney General of California\uff09\u7368\u7acb\u57f7\u884c\u4e4b\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CPRA\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u5c0d\u8c61\u8207\u9055\u53cd\u4e4b\u7f70\u5247\uff0c\u8207CCPA\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u53d7CPRA\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u70ba\u52a0\u5dde\u5c45\u6c11\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.140(i)\uff09\uff0cCPRA\u898f\u7bc4\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u57f7\u696d\u4e4b\u71df\u5229\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u82e5\u7b26\u5408\u5176\u5e74\u5ea6\u7e3d\u71df\u6536\u8d85\u904e2500\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6216\u6bcf\u5e74\u55ae\u7368\u6216\u5171\u540c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u3001\u8ca9\u8ce3\u6216\u5206\u4eab10\u842c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u6216\u540c\u4f4f\u8005\uff08household\uff09\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u6216\u5e74\u71df\u653650%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u8ca9\u8ce3\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u500b\u8cc7\uff0c\u6216\u81ea\u9858\u5411CPPA\u4fdd\u8b49\u9075\u5b88CPRA\u898f\u7bc4\u7b49\u4f01\u696d\uff0c\u5247\u53d7CPRA\u4e4b\u898f\u7bc4\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.140(d)\uff09\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u4f01\u696d\u84c4\u610f\u9055\u53cd\uff0cCPPA\u5f97\u8655\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4ef62500\u7f8e\u5143\u4e4b\u7f70\u9370\uff08administrative fine\uff09\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.155\uff09\uff1b\u82e5\u4f01\u696d\u9020\u6210\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5916\u6d29\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u672a\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u672a\u7de8\u8f2f\uff08nonredacted\uff09\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caCPRA\u65b0\u589e\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u96fb\u5b50\u4fe1\u7bb1\u53ca\u5bc6\u78bc\u3001\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u53ca\u7b54\u6848\u7b49\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u53d6\u5e33\u6236\u4e4b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5c07\u5141\u8a31\u500b\u4eba\u63d0\u8d77\u6c11\u4e8b\u8a34\u8a1f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u640d\u5bb3\u8ce0\u511f\u91d1\u984d\u7531100\u7f8e\u5143\u81f3750\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u6216\u4f9d\u5be6\u969b\u640d\u5bb3\u91d1\u984d\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4ee5\u91d1\u984d\u9ad8\u8005\u70ba\u6e96\uff1b\u7981\u4ee4\u6027\uff08injunctive\uff09\u6216\u78ba\u8a8d\u6027\uff08declaratory\uff09\u6551\u6fdf\uff1b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u9662\u8996\u70ba\u9069\u7576\u4e4b\u6551\u6fdf\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u4f01\u696d\u5f97\u4ee5\u65bc\u4e8b\u5be6\u767c\u751f\u5f8c30\u5929\u5167\u505a\u51fa\u5be6\u969b\u88dc\u6551\uff08cure\uff09\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u5c07\u4e0d\u9700\u8ce0\u511f\uff0c\u4f46\uff0cCPRA\u7279\u5225\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u500b\u8cc7\u5916\u6d29\u5f8c\u5408\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u8207\u61c9\u7528\u4e4b\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b97\u8a72\u5916\u6d29\u4e4b\u88dc\u6551\uff08CPRA \u00a71798.150\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CPRA\u5c07\u65bc2023\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u65bd\u884c\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee32020\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u65bd\u884c\u7684CCPA\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u56de\u6eaf\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u4f01\u696d\u81ea2022\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u6240\u8490\u96c6\u4e4b\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c07\u9069\u7528CPRA\u3002\u4ee5\u516c\u6295\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u904e\u4e4bCPRA\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fee\u6cd5\u9580\u6abb\uff0c\u9664\u9808\u540c\u6a23\u7d93\u7531\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u52a0\u5dde\u6216\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6c7aCPRA\u9055\u61b2\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u806f\u90a6\u6cd5\u70ba\u512a\u5148\u7b49\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4fee\u6cd5CPRA\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cCPRA\u9650\u5236\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u9808\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u6216\u8207 CPRA\u4e4b\u610f\u5716\u53ca\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u70ba\u524d\u984c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5927\u4f01\u696d\u900f\u904e\u904a\u8aaa\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6e1b\u5f31CPRA\u7684\u6548\u529b\u3002CPPA\u7684\u4e94\u540d\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u5df2\u65bc\u4eca\u5e743\u670816\u65e5\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u9577\u7b49\u4eba\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u800cCPRA\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u4fdd\u8b77\u52a0\u5dde\u5c45\u6c11\u500b\u4eba\u96b1\u79c1\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Image by Californians for Consumer Privacy(Caprivacy.org) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n